姜福成1 江人桂1,2*
1.赣南医科大学 2.广东省人民医院赣州医院
摘要(Abstract):
急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI)患者接受直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention,PPCI)后,微循环功能障碍发生率仍高,高血栓负荷(TIMI血栓分级≥3级)是其主要危险因素。冠脉内溶栓作为联合治疗策略曾获广泛关注,但近年高质量随机对照试验(Randomized Controlled Trial,RCT)结论不一。本文系统回顾阿替普酶、尿激酶原及尿激酶在冠脉内应用的相关研究,重点分析针对高血栓负荷人群的研究结果,并讨论给药方式、缺血时间及安全信号等对疗效的影响。现有证据表明:阿替普酶的两项大型多中心双盲RCT,结果均为阴性;尿激酶原在多个单中心RCT中显示出改善心肌灌注指标的潜力,但样本量小、设计开放、缺乏硬终点证据;以微导管血栓内给药联合手动抽吸为核心的精简策略,在改善高负荷患者心肌灌注方面展现了初步潜力,但现有证据仍源于小样本、开放标签研究,其协同效应与临床获益有待更高证据级别的验证。目前冠脉内溶栓不宜作为高血栓负荷STEMI患者的常规治疗,但针对难治性高负荷患者的补救性价值值得进一步研究。
关键词(KeyWords):
ST段抬高型心肌梗死;微循环功能障碍;冠脉内溶栓;高血栓负荷;经皮冠状动脉介入治疗
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