李依南1 李宇轩2
1.赣南医科大学;2.承德医学院
摘要(Abstract):
前蛋白转化酶枯草溶菌素9(PCSK9)是调控脂质稳态与动脉粥样硬化进程的核心靶点,其经典作用机制为介导肝细胞表面低密度脂蛋白受体(LDLR)的溶酶体降解,抑制肝脏对血浆低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)的清除,进而驱动高胆固醇血症与动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(ASCVD)的发生发展。此外,PCSK9还可通过炎症激活、血管内皮损伤等非脂质依赖途径参与心血管系统的病理生理过程。近年来,多款PCSK9靶向药物相继获批上市,大量临床研究证实其可显著改善血脂水平与心血管疾病患者预后,已成为血脂管理领域的里程碑式突破。本文系统梳理PCSK9的分子生物学特征、心血管疾病相关病理机制、靶向治疗药物的临床研究证据与国内外指南定位,分析当前临床应用面临的挑战并提出未来研究展望,旨在为该靶点的基础研究与临床转化应用提供系统参考。
关键词(KeyWords):
PCSK9;低密度脂蛋白受体;动脉粥样硬化;血脂管理;PCSK9抑制剂;心血管疾病;精准医疗
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