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3D 打印生物陶瓷支架在骨缺损修复中的研究进展

唐栩钦 谢思明*

暨南大学口腔医学院

摘要(Abstract):

骨缺损是临床常见疾病,全球每年超过400万例手术需借助骨移植材料治疗。自体移植存在供骨来源有限的问题,异体移植则面临免疫排斥风险,因此研发优质人工骨修复材料成为研究热点。3D打印技术的快速发展为骨缺损修复提供了新的解决方案。本综述系统介绍了3D打印生物活性陶瓷支架在骨缺损修复中的研究进展,首先阐述了骨修复材料的分类及其特点,包括医用金属、高分子及无机非金属材料;随后重点介绍了选择性激光烧结、立体光固化成型及直写式3D打印三种主要技术及其在生物陶瓷支架制备中的应用;最后从结构改进、表面改性与原子掺杂三个维度总结了3D打印生物活性陶瓷支架的优化策略。研究表明,通过调控孔径可优化支架的血管长入与骨修复效果,表面改性可赋予支架抗菌与力学增强功能,而锶、镁、硅、铜等元素的掺杂则能显著提升支架的成骨活性与促成血管能力。3D打印生物活性陶瓷支架兼具个性化设计与精准调控的优势,在骨缺损修复领域展现出广阔的应用前景,未来有望向精准化、多功能化及智能化方向发展。


关键词(KeyWords):

3D打印;生物陶瓷;骨组织工程;骨缺损修复;支架


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